Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that structures a program as a sequence of computational steps to be carried out, typically in linear fashion.
Procedural programs are often organized around the data manipulated by the program, with functions and procedures operating on that data.
Examples of procedural programming languages include C, COBOL, and Fortran.
Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computations as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data.
It emphasizes the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data.
Examples of functional programming languages include Haskell, Lisp, and Scheme.
Logic programming is a programming paradigm that uses formal logics to express facts and rules about problems within a system of inference to solve those problems.
It is based on the idea that a programmer specifies what is known about a problem domain, rather than explicitly specifying a step-by-step solution to the problem.
Examples of logic programming languages include Prolog and Mercury.
In procedural programming, the focus is on the sequence of steps required to solve a problem, while in functional programming, the focus is on the application of mathematical functions to inputs.
Logic programming, on the other hand, is focused on the specification of logical relationships between facts and rules, and using this information to infer solutions to problems.
Each of these paradigms has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of which one to use often depends on the problem being solved and the background and expertise of the programmer.
While all three programming paradigms – procedural, functional, and logic programming – are powerful in their own right, it's important to understand the key differences between them in order to make informed decisions when approaching a new programming problem.
Understanding the benefits and limitations of each paradigm, and knowing how and when to apply them, will ultimately lead to better software and more effective problem solving.
It's worth noting that many modern programming languages, like Python, support multiple programming paradigms, allowing programmers to pick and choose the best features from each to suit their needs.
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